3. Von der Kirche gezwungen, musste Galileo Galilei im 17. Jahrhundert seine revolutionaren Ideen widerrufen.

* Das Thema –

* Grammar –

* Translation – The church coerced Galileo Galilei in the seventeen hundereds to deny his revolutionary ideas.

* Problems – I think that I have done so much better with translation and grammar than what I did in the beginning of the semester. I’m glad that I had to translate so much different stuff because it caused me to remember words that I normally would not be exposed to. It was very good.

(100 Woerter).

Ist (war) + zu + infinitive

This construction translated most often to the English, can be/could be + past participle. For example:

Die Geschichte der Familie Mendelsohn ist von ihren Briefen und Tagebuchern sehr gut zu verstehen.

(The history of the Mendelsohn family can be understoof very well from their letters and journals).

Problems: I still don’t know if I really get what they are trying to say. Examples like these help me to try and figure them out, but it can be very hard when you put these into practice.

(99 Woerter).

Carl Ossietzky:

He was convicted of high treason and espionage in 1931 after publishing details of Germany‘s alleged violation of the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the Luftwaffe and training pilots in the Soviet Union. He embarked on a career in journalism, with the topics of his articles ranging from theatre criticism to feminism and the problems of early motorization. Ossietzky was one of a very small group of public figures who continued to speak out against the Nazi party.  It is interesting to see that some people or groups not matter how small they are, still stood up against the Nazi party that was taking over. It is good to see some people fight evil.  

(124 Woerter).

In den sechziger und siebziger Jahren erlebte der deutsche Film im Westen Deutschland seine neue Blute. Unter dem Motto “Papas Kino ist tot” gelang er einer Gruppe von jungen Filmemachern, Mitte der sechziger die veralteten Lustspiele der funfziger Jahre mit dem “Neuen Deutschen Film” zu ersetzen.

* Das Thema – German film

* Grammar – Dative (it is referring to the past and replacing some of the old ways (von, im, tot).

* Translation – This is a new film in western Germany in the sixties and seventies that experienced new blood. Under the name “dad movie is dead” is about a group of young film makers that came to replace the comedy of the outdated fifties in the ‘new German film.”

Kapitel 23 

Wenn wir heute unser Fahrrad besteigen, kommt es uns wohl kaum in den Sinn, dass auch dieses Fahrzeug eine verhaltnismaBig lange Entwicklung hatte. Das erste, unseren modernen Radern vorangehende Fahrzeug was eine aus Holz gebaute Laufmaschine.

* Das Thema – Fahrrad

* Grammar – Dative (talking about the past, was, gebaute)

* Translation – When we get on our bike today, it probably doesn’t occur to us, that the vehicles in comparison have enough development. The first modern bike was which ran like a machine was made of wood.

Kapitel 24 

Der am 3.10.1889 in Hamburg geborene Carl von Ossietzky, eines der streitbarsten und mutigsten Publizisten der Weimarer Republik, infizierte sich 1938 im KZ Papenburg-Esterwegen und starb bald darauf an Tuberkulose in Berlin.

* Das Thema – Carl von Ossietzky

* Grammar – Dative (starb, im, all past tense).

* Translation – On the date 3.10.1889 Carl von Ossietzky was born, one of the most contentious and most courageous journalists of the
Weimar Republic, got an infection in 1938 in a concentration camp Esterwegen and soon thereafter died of tuberculosis in Berlin.

(307 Woerter).

Kapitel 22  

4. In diesem Buch haben wir versucht, die dringenden Probleme anzudeuten.

* Das Thema – Buch

* Grammar – Dative (because it is using the past tense to describe something).

* Translation – In this book we attempted to suggest the difficult problems.

* Problems – Not much.

Kapitel 23 

1. Nehmen wire zum Vergleich das vor zehn Jahren ausgefuhrte Experiment.

* Das Thema – experiment.

* Grammar – Dative (talking about looking at the past).

* Translation – We took a look at the comparison of the ten year experiment.

* Problems – I couldn’t figure out what ausgefuhrte meant. I looked it up online and in the book and no a success. So I tried to translate it as best I could.

It seems to me that these sentences are getting harder and harder to translate. I have a hard time translating. I am doing the best that I can do, but sometimes my best is completely wrong.

(162 Woerter).

I really like the following sentence. It really helped me understand how zu is used. Infinitives with zu complete a number of German verbs, a few of which are an/fangen and beginnen (both meaning to begin), auf/horen (to cease), brauchen (to need), scheinen (to appear), versprechen (to promise), verstehen (to understand how), and versuchen (to try). 

Es hat angefanfen zu regnen. Jetzt beginnt es zu schneien.

(It started to rain. Now it’s beginning to snow.)

Kapitel 23 

This chapter was very confusing to me. It was very hard to understand by just reading it. I felt like it just flew over my head. I’m sure it’s not that hard, but I think I need an instructor to explain to me what is going on so then I can ask questions if needed.

Kapitel 24 

Der Helipraktiker arbeitet ausschlieBlich mit (von der Natur gegebenen) Heilmitteln.

(The homeopathic doctor works exclusively with homeopathic remedies that occur naturally).

(165 Woerter).

I found some very interesting information about Karl May that some of my readers might find interesting. Please see the link for more information. Karl May was the best selling German writer. He was born into a poor family. Shortly after birth he had a visual impairment due to a lack of vitamin A & D but then shortly regained his sight back at age five. He was a teacher but lost his license to some false accusations which apparently now would not be a crime punishable of imprisonment. He was unsuccessful for a while but later found that he could achieve success with his writing. Karl May seems to me to be a fighter. It seems to me that he started fighting the day be was born.

(136 Woerter).

Karl May, der 1842 in groBer Armut in Ernstthal geboren wurde und 1912 in seiner “Villa Shatterhand” in Radebeul starb, gehort seit Generationen weltweit zu den beliebtesten und meistgelesenen deutschen Schriftstellern.

* Das Thema – Karl May

* Grammar – Dative (wurde, starb, zu); Accusative (seiner)

* Translation – Karl May was born in 1842 in poverty in Ernstthal and in 1912 he died in Radebeul, for generation he was going places world wide to the most popular and most frequently read German writers.

Kapitel 20 

Der Autor dieses Bandes stellt vor allem die Geschichte des einfachen Volkes dar – das wird hier in seiner Gesamtheit wie in der Mannigfaltigkeit seiner LebensauBerungen in ein neues Licht gestellt.

* Das Thema – Geschichte des einfachen Volkes.

* Grammar – Dative (vor, wird, gestellt)

* Translation – The author is this volume describes the history of simple people – that was their in their entirety how in the multiplicity their ease of reading in the new light.

Kapitel 21 

Wer sich fur die Musik Robert Schumanns interessiert, erlebte eine Uberraschung bei Sotheby’s in Munchen, als das Autograph seiner zweiten Sinfonie in C-Due op. 61 vorgestellt wurde.

* Das Thema –

* Grammar –

* Translation – Who finds the interesting music of Robert Schumman, experienced the surprise by Sotheby;s in
Munich, as one that introduced autograph of the second symphony in C-Due op. 61.

Problems – These reading I find are very difficult to understand completely. I have the most difficult with the translations. They also seem like they are getting harder to translate and understand too because in the past I didn’t have problems with translation like this.

(276 Woerter).

Kapitel 19 

1. Das Beste was ein Mensch besitzen kann, ist Gesundheit.

* Das Thema – mensch

* Grammar – Nominative, dative, was

* Translation – The best thing human have it their health.

* problems – This was fairly easy to translate, now that I have kind of finally got the aspect of it.

Kapitel 20 

2. Die allgemeine Methode war dieselbe wie in den vorhergehenden Studien.

* Das Thema – allgemeine methode

* Grammar – Dative (war, in den)

* Translation – The general method was the same in the proceeding studies.

* Problems – the same as above.

Kapitel 21 

3. Wird ein Lichtstrahl durch ein Prisma geleitet, dann entsteht ein farbiges Band, das man Spektrum nennt.

* Das Thema – Lichtstrah

* Grammar – Accusative (durch).

* Translation – When a ray of light is lead by a prism, color develops which is called a spectrum.

(147 Woerter).

As a relative pronoun, Welch- means who, which, or that. As an indefinite pronoun, Welch- means some or any. As an interrogative pronouns Welch- means which? Or which one?  Below kind of helped me see what they were talking about so when I see a sentence that has the following I might be more able to figure out which one they are talking about.

                        Masculine       Feminine        Neuter                        Plural

Nominative:   welcher            welche             welches           welche             who, which

Accusative:     welchen           welche             welches           welche             whom, which

Dative:            welchem          welcher            welchem          welchen           (to/for) whom, Genitive:  (no genitive forms)                                                              which

Kapitel 20 

 These suffixes really helped me understand the meaning of these words.

-los

Arbeitslos                    unemployed                furchtlos          fearless

Atemlos                       breathless                    geldlos             without money

Bewegungslos             morionless                   machtlos          powerless

-fach

Dreifach          three times                   vielfach           many times, manifold

Mehrfach         several times                zehnfach          ten times

-mal

Damals            at that time                  oftmals                        frequently

Einmal             once                             viermal            four times

Kapitel 21 

Relative pronouns = When no clear antecedent exisits, the relative pronouns wer, wen, wem, and wessen are used to indicate the person in question, and was is used to refer to things, concepts, or actions. In this case, wer means he who, whosoever, or anyone who. Was means what, whatever, that which, or that.

Wer nicht fur uns ist, ist gegen uns.

Whosoever is not for us is against us.

(227 Woerter).